Usimamizi wa Rasilimali na Matumizi: Teknolojia ya Blokchein Inakabiliana na Uhakiki wa Pembezoni

Yaliyomo

• Utangulizi
• Teknolojia ya Kikokotoo ya Kingo ya Mkononi kwa Blockchain
  • 2.1 Muundo wa Mfumo wa Jumla
  • 2.2 Proof-of-Work Offloading
• 3. Usimamizi wa Rasilimali Kiuchumi
  • 3.1 Mfumo wa Nadharia ya Mchezo
  • 3.2 Utaratibu wa Kuweka Bei
• 4. Matokeo ya Kipekee
  • 4.1 Vipimo vya Utendaji
  • 4.2 Uthibitishaji wa Mfumo
• 5. Utekelezaji wa Kiufundi
  • 5.1 Misingi ya Kihisabati
  • 5.2 Mifano ya Msimbo
• 6. Matumizi ya Baadaye
• 7. References

Utangulizi

Blockchain hutumika kama daftari la umma lisilo na kituo kikubwa kuhifadhi rekodi za manunuzi, likishinda mipaka ya mifumo iliyokusanyika kama vile shida za sehemu moja na udhaifu wa usalama. Data huundwa kama vitalu kwenye orodha yenye viungo, hukiliwa katika mtandao wote kuhakikisha uadilifu. Hata hivyo, utegemezi wa blockchain kwenye fumbo la uthibitisho-wa-kazi (PoW) unahitaji rasilimali kubwa za kompyuta, na kufanya haiifai kwa vifaa vya rununu vilivyo na uhaba wa rasilimali. Makala hii inachunguza ushirikishwaji wa kompyuta ya ukingo wa rununu (MEC) ili kupakiza mahesabu ya PoW, na kuwezesha matumizi ya blockchain ya rununu katika mifumo ya IoT.

Teknolojia ya Kikokotoo ya Kingo ya Mkononi kwa Blockchain

MEC inaweka rasilimali za kompyuta kwenye ukingo wa mtandao (k.m., vituo vya msingi) ili kutoa huduma za ukawia mdogo. Kwa kupakiza michango ya PoW kwenye seva za ukingo, vifaa vya rununu vinaweza kushiriki kuchimba mnyororo wa bloki bila kutumia rasilimali zao.

2.1 Muundo wa Mfumo wa Jumla

Mfumo unajumuisha wachimbaji wa rununu, seva za makali, na mtandao wa blockchain. Wachimbaji wasilisha kazi za PoW kwa seva za makali, ambazo huzichakata na kurudisha matokeo kwa makubaliano.

2.2 Proof-of-Work Offloading

PoW involves finding a nonce such that the hash of the block header meets a target difficulty: $H(block\_header + nonce) < target$. Offloading this computation reduces mobile device energy consumption by up to 70%.

3. Usimamizi wa Rasilimali Kiuchumi

Mtindo wa kiuchumi unapendekezwa kusimamia rasilimali za edge computing kwa ufanisi, ukitumia nadharia ya michezo kuweka usawa faida za watoa huduma na gharama za wachimbaji.

3.1 Mfumo wa Nadharia ya Mchezo

Mwingiliano kati ya mtoa huduma na wachimbaji unachorwa kama mchezo wa Stackelberg. Mtoa huduma huweka bei $p$ kwa rasilimali za kompyuta, na wachimbaji hubadilisha mahitaji yao $d_i$ ili kuongeza matumizi: $U_i = R_i - p \cdot d_i$, ambapo $R_i$ ni zawadi ya uchimbaji.

3.2 Utaratibu wa Kuweka Bei

Bei inayobadilika kulingana na mahitaji inahakikisha ufanisi wa mgao wa rasilimali. Faida ya mtoa huduma inafikia kilele wakati $p^* = \arg\max_p \sum_i d_i(p) \cdot p$.

4. Matokeo ya Kipekee

Mfumo wa mfano ulithibitisha mbinu iliyopendekezwa, ukapima viashiria vya utendaji kama vile ucheleweshaji na matumizi ya nishati.

4.1 Vipimo vya Utendaji

Majaribio yalionyesha kupungua kwa asilimia 60 katika matumizi ya nishati kwenye vifaa vya rununu na kupungua kwa asilimia 50 katika wakati wa kutatua PoW ikilinganishwa na utekelezaji wa ndani.

4.2 Uthibitishaji wa Mfumo

Kielelezo kilihusisha nodi 100 za rununu na seva 10 za makali. Matokeo yalithibitisha kuwa upakiaji wa PoW kwenye seva za makali huhifadhi usalama wa blockchain huku ukiboresha uwezo wa kupanuka.

5. Utekelezaji wa Kiufundi

5.1 Misingi ya Kihisabati

Marekebisho ya ugumu wa PoW yanafuata: $D_{new} = D_{old} \cdot \frac{T_{expected}}{T_{actual}}$, ambapo $T$ ni wastani wa muda wa block. Seva za makali huhesabu hashes kwa kutumia SHA-256: $H(x) = SHA256(x)$.

5.2 Mifano ya Msimbo

# Pseudocode for PoW offloading
def mine_block(block_header, target):
    nonce = 0
    while True:
        hash_result = sha256(block_header + str(nonce))
        if hash_result < target:
            return nonce, hash_result
        nonce += 1

# Edge server handles mining request
edge_server.submit_task(mine_block, block_data)

6. Matumizi ya Baadaye

Matumizi yanayoweza kujumuisha uadilifu wa data ya IoT, ufuatiliaji wa mnyororo wa usambazaji, na fedha zisizo rasmi (DeFi). Ushirikiano na mitandao ya 5G kunaweza kupunguza zaidi ucheleweshaji. Kazi ya baadaye inaweza kuchunguza njia mbadala za uthibitisho-mshiriki kwa ufanisi wa nishati.

7. References

1. Z. Xiong et al., "When Mobile Blockchain Meets Edge Computing," arXiv:1711.05938, 2018.
2. NIST, "Blockchain Technology Overview," National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020.
3. IEEE, "Edge Computing Standards," IEEE P1934, 2019.

Original Analysis

The integration of mobile blockchain with edge computing addresses a critical bottleneck in decentralized systems: the resource-intensive nature of proof-of-work consensus. While blockchain's immutability and transparency, as highlighted by NIST's blockchain overview, make it ideal for applications like supply chain management, its energy consumption has been a major concern. This work innovatively leverages edge computing, similar to how CycleGAN uses generative adversarial networks for image translation, by offloading computations to proximate servers. The economic model using Stackelberg games ensures efficient resource allocation, akin to pricing strategies in cloud computing. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in energy efficiency and latency, crucial for IoT deployments. Compared to traditional cloud offloading, edge computing reduces latency by 30%, as noted in IEEE edge computing standards. Future directions could integrate machine learning for dynamic resource prediction, enhancing scalability. This approach not only democratizes blockchain access for mobile devices but also sets a precedent for hybrid architectures in decentralized systems.