Mobile Blockchain Meets Edge Computing: Resource Management and Applications

1. Gabatarwa
2. Mobile Edge Computing for Blockchain
- 2.1 Architecture Overview
- 2.2 Proof-of-Work Offloading
3. Gudanar da Albarkatun Tattalin Arziki
- 3.1 Tsarin Ka'idar Wasanni
- 3.2 Tsarin Farashin Kayayyaki
4. Sakamakon Gwaji
- 4.1 Ma'aunin Aiki
- 4.2 Tabbatar da Tsarin
5. Technical Implementation
- 5.1 Mathematical Formulations
- 5.2 Code Examples
6. Aikace-aikacen Nan Gaba
7. References

1. Gabatarwa

Blockchain yana aiki azaman babban littafin rikodin jama'a na rikodin ciniki, wanda ya shawo kan iyakokin tsarin masu cibiyoyi guda ɗaya kamar gazawar batu ɗaya da raunin tsaro. Ana tsara bayanai azaman tubalan a cikin jerin haɗin gwiwa, ana yin kwafin su a cikin hanyar sadarwa don tabbatar da inganci. Duk da haka, dogaron Blockchain akan wasu matsalolin proof-of-work (PoW) yana buƙatar albarkatun lissafi masu yawa, wanda ya sa bai dace da na'urorin hannu masu ƙarancin albarkatu ba. Wannan takarda tana bincika haɗin kan ƙididdiga na gefen wayar hannu (MEC) don kwashe lissafin PoW, yana ba da damar aikace-aikacen Blockchain na wayar hannu a cikin tsarin IoT.

2. Mobile Edge Computing for Blockchain

MEC deploys computing resources at the network edge (e.g., base stations) to provide low-latency services. By offloading PoW puzzles to edge servers, mobile devices can participate in blockchain mining without draining their resources.

2.1 Architecture Overview

Tsarin ya ƙunshi masu haƙo ma'adinai na hannu, sabar gefe, da hanyar sadarwa ta blockchain. Masu haƙo ma'adinai suna ƙaddamar da ayyukan PoW zuwa sabar gefe, waɗanda ke aiwatar da su kuma suna mayar da sakamako don yarjejeniya.

2.2 Proof-of-Work Offloading

PoW involves finding a nonce such that the hash of the block header meets a target difficulty: $H(block\_header + nonce) < target$. Offloading this computation reduces mobile device energy consumption by up to 70%.

3. Gudanar da Albarkatun Tattalin Arziki

An gabatar da tsarin tattalin arziki don sarrafa albarkatun kwamfutoci na gefe yadda ya kamata, ta amfani da ka'idar wasa don daidaita ribar masu bayarwa da farashin ma'adinai.

3.1 Tsarin Ka'idar Wasanni

The interaction between the service provider and miners is modeled as a Stackelberg game. The provider sets prices $p$ for computing resources, and miners adjust their demand $d_i$ to maximize utility: $U_i = R_i - p \cdot d_i$, where $R_i$ is the mining reward.

3.2 Tsarin Farashin Kayayyaki

Farashin da ya dogara da buƙatu yana tabbatar da ingantaccen rabon albarkatu. Mai bayarwa yana samun mafi girman riba lokacin da $p^* = \arg\max_p \sum_i d_i(p) \cdot p$.

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Tsarin tsari na'urar gwaji ta tabbatar da hanyar da aka gabatar, tana auna ma'auni na aiki kamar jinkiri da amfani da makamashi.

4.1 Ma'aunin Aiki

Gwajeun na nuniya cewa an rage yawan amfani da makamashi na na'urorin hannu da kashi 60 cikin ɗari, da kuma rage lokacin warware PoW da kashi 50 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da lissafin gida.

4.2 Tabbatar da Tsarin

Samfurin ya ƙunshi nodes 100 na hannu da sabar gefe 10. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa aika PoW zuwa sabar gefe yana kiyaye tsaron blockchain yayin haɓaka ƙima.

5. Technical Implementation

5.1 Mathematical Formulations

The PoW difficulty adjustment follows: $D_{new} = D_{old} \cdot \frac{T_{expected}}{T_{actual}}$, where $T$ is the average block time. Edge servers compute hashes using SHA-256: $H(x) = SHA256(x)$.

5.2 Code Examples

# Pseudocode for PoW offloading
def mine_block(block_header, target):
    nonce = 0
    while True:
        hash_result = sha256(block_header + str(nonce))
        if hash_result < target:
            return nonce, hash_result
        nonce += 1

# Edge server handles mining request
edge_server.submit_task(mine_block, block_data)

6. Aikace-aikacen Nan Gaba

Potential applications include IoT data integrity, supply chain tracking, and decentralized finance (DeFi). Integration with 5G networks could further reduce latency. Future work may explore proof-of-stake alternatives for energy efficiency.

7. References

Z. Xiong et al., "When Mobile Blockchain Meets Edge Computing," arXiv:1711.05938, 2018.
NIST, "Blockchain Technology Overview," National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020.
IEEE, "Edge Computing Standards," IEEE P1934, 2019.

Original Analysis

Haɗin blockchain na wayar hannu tare da lissafin gefe yana magance matsalar toshewa a cikin tsarin rarrabawa: yanayin ajiyar albarkatun yarjejeniya na hujja. Yayin da rashin canzawa da bayyana na blockchain, kamar yadda NIST's blockchain overview ya haskaka, ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikace kamar sarrafa sarkar kaya, amma amfani da makamashi ya kasance babban abin damuwa. Wannan aikin yana amfani da lissafin gefe da wayo, kama da yadda CycleGAN ke amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi don fassarar hoto, ta hanyar jujjuya lissafi zuwa sabar kusa. Tsarin tattalin arziki ta amfani da wasannin Stackelberg yana tabbatar da ingantaccen rabon albarkatu, kama da dabarun farashi a cikin lissafin girgije. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ingantaccen makamashi da jinkiri, masu mahimmanci ga turawa IoT. Idan aka kwatanta da jujjuyawar girgije na gargajiya, lissafin gefe yana rage jinkiri da kashi 30%, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin ka'idojin lissafin gefe na IEEE. Hanyoyin gaba na iya haɗa koyon inji don hasashen albarkatun motsi, haɓaka ƙima. Wannan hanyar ba kawai tana ba da damar samun damar blockchain don na'urorin hannu ba, har ma ta kafa misali na gine-ginen matasan a cikin tsarin rarrabawa.

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