Catfish Effect Between Internal and External Attackers: Semi-honest Mining Strategy Analysis

1. Gabatarwa

Fasahar Blockchain ta kaifafa tsarin mulkin kai, tare da Hujjar Aiki (PoW) tsarin yarjejeniya da ke mamaye kasuwar cryptocurrency. Duk da haka, hare-haren hakar ma'adinai kamar son kai suna barazana ga tsaron blockchain ta hanyar ba masu kai hari damar samun ladan da bai dace ba. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da sabon samfuri na maharin da yawa wanda ke bayyana tasirin catfish tsakanin masu kai hari na ciki da na waje, yana nuna yadda dabarun semi-masu gaskiya zasu iya zama masu amfani a cikin yanayin hakar ma'adinai mai gasa.

2. Bayanan Fage da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci

2.1 Proof of Work Consensus

Proof of Work na buƙatar ma'adinai don warware wasanin gwada ilimin sirri don tabbatar da ma'amaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin tubalan. Tushen ilimin lissafi ya ƙunshi neman ma'anar n $n$ kamar haka:

$H(block\_header, n) < target$

where $H$ is the cryptographic hash function and $target$ determines the mining difficulty.

2.2 Mining Attacks Overview

Eyal da Sirer (2014) sun gabatar da hakar ma'adinai na son kai, wanda ke baiwa maharan damar ɓoye tubalan da aka gano ta hanyar dabarun. Kudin shiga (RR) na maharin da ke da ƙarfin lissafi α ana iya ƙirƙira shi kamar haka:

RR = α(1-α)²(4α+γ(1-2α))-α³ / 1-α(1+(2-α)α)

Faɗuwar Kudin Shiga

Har zuwa kashi 31.9%

Ragewar RR na maharin cikin gida

Overestimation

Up to 44.6%

External attacker RR error

3. Multi-Attacker Mining Model

3.1 System Architecture

Tsarin yana ƙaura daga tsarin asali zuwa tsarin masu kai hari da yawa tare da matakai biyu. Masu kai hari na ciki suna aiki a cikin wuraren haƙar ma'adinai da ke akwai, yayin da masu kai hari na waje ke shiga daga wajen tsarin.

3.2 Yanayin Kai Hari

Manyan dalilai uku na raguwar kudaden shiga:

Gasar da ba a zata tsammani tsakanin maharan:
Yanayin gwanjo a cikin yada toshe:
Overestimation of influence factors

4. Binciken Tasirin Catfish

4.1 Masu Kai Hari na Cikin Gida da na Waje

Catfish effect yana bayyana yadda gabatar da gasar waje ke canza halaye da kudaden shiga na maharan cikin gida. Wannan al'amari yayi kama da dynamics na gasar da ake gani a kasuwanni na gargajiya lokacin da sababbin masu shiga suka rushe kafaffen 'yan wasa.

4.2 Tasirin Kudin Shiga

Experimental results show significant RR reductions:

Internal attacker: 31.9% drop in RR
External attacker: 44.6% overestimation of RR

5. Dabarun Sakin Shirye-shirye na Bangare

5.1 Tsarin Algorithm

PIR jefa ce wani dabarar da ba ta cika aminci ba wacce ke inganta lokacin sakin toshe. Algorithm ɗin yana daidaitawa tsakanin haƙo ma'adinai na gaskiya da riƙe dabarun:

function PartialInitiativeRelease(block_chain, attacker_blocks):
    if len(attacker_blocks) >= 2:
        release_blocks = select_optimal_subset(attacker_blocks)
        broadcast(release_blocks)
        update_chain(block_chain, release_blocks)
    else:
        continue_mining()
    return updated_chain

5.2 Implementation Details

Dabarun da ya ƙunshi lissafta mafi kyawun bakin kofa $\theta$ bisa yanayin cibiyar sadarwa da halayen abokin hamayya:

$\theta = f(\alpha, \beta, network\_latency, competitor\_strategy)$

6. Experimental Results

6.1 Performance Metrics

Gwajin sun auna kudaden shiga na dangi a ƙarƙashin rabe-raben ikon lissafi. Manyan binciken sun haɗa da:

PIR ya fi naman kai tsaye a yanayin mahara masu kai hari
Ingantaccen kudaden shiga yana faruwa a takamaiman rabon ƙarfin lissafi
Latency na network yana tasiri sosai yadda dabarun aiki suke aiki.

6.2 Nazarin Bincike

Zanen da ke biyu yana nuna kwatancin kudaden shiga tsakanin dabarun daban-daban:

Hoto na 1: Kwatancen Kudaden Shiga - PIR da Haɗin Kan Ma'adinai vs Ma'adinan Gaskiya

Zanen ya nuna PIR yana samun mafi girman kudin shiga a cikin yanayi masu hare-hare da yawa, musamman lokacin da masu hare-hare na ciki da na waje suke da irin wannan ƙarfin lissafi.

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Binciken ya buɗe hanyoyi da yawa don aikin gaba:

Aikace-aikace ga Tabbatar da Hannun Jari da sauran hanyoyin yarjejeniya
Haɗin kai tare da koyon inji don gano harin da ya dace
Tasirin tsaro na ketare sarkar a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na blockchain masu haɗin kai
Tsarin sa ido na lokaci-lokaci don yanayin maharin da yawa

8. Nassoshi

Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Eyal, I., & Sirer, E. G. (2014). Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable
Liu, H., Ruan, N., & Liu, J. K. (2023). Catfish Effect Between Internal and External Attackers
Zhu, J., et al. (2017). Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks
Gervais, A., et al. (2016). On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Blockchains

Expert Analysis: The Catfish Effect in Blockchain Mining

A Needle Piercing Through Veins: This paper delivers a brutal truth about blockchain security - the introduction of multiple attackers doesn't just add complexity, it fundamentally changes the attack economics in ways that punish both existing and new attackers. The catfish effect reveals that in competitive mining environments, everyone loses except the protocol defenders.

Logical Chain: The research establishes a clear causal chain: multiple attackers → increased competition → revenue dilution → strategic adaptation necessity. This mirrors findings in game theory applications like the prisoner's dilemma, where individual optimization leads to collective suboptimal outcomes. The mathematical modeling shows how $RR_{multi} < RR_{single}$ for both attackers, creating a negative-sum game scenario.

Highlights and Pain Points: Dabarun PIR ya kasance mai haƙiƙanin ƙirƙira - yana gane cewa a cikin yanayi na masu hari da yawa, rashin gaskiya zai zama abin rashin amfani. Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idodin ka'idar wasan juyin halitta inda dabarun haɗin gwiwa sau da yawa suka fi rinjaye a cikin mu'amalar da aka maimaita. Duk da haka, takardar ba ta nuna ƙalubalen aiwatarwa na zahiri ba. Kamar yawancin shawarwarin ilimi, PIR yana ɗaukar cikakkiyar bayani game da dabarun masu hakar ma'adinai, wanda ba gaskiya ba ne a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na blockchain na ainihi. Kima na kashi 44.6% na masu kai hari na waje yana nuna cewa hanyoyin gano da ake da su suna da kurakurai na asali.

Ƙwararrun Aiki: For blockchain developers, this research demands immediate attention to multi-attacker detection systems. Mining pools should implement real-time competitor analysis similar to algorithmic trading systems. The findings also suggest that blockchain protocols might benefit from built-in mechanisms that amplify the catfish effect to naturally deter coordinated attacks. As we've seen in traditional cybersecurity (referencing MITRE ATT&CK framework), understanding attacker interactions is crucial for defense.

Gudunmawar takardar ta wuce cryptocurrency zuwa tsarin tsaro na rarraba gabaɗaya. Hakazalika da yadda CycleGAN's fassarar hoto mara biya ya buɗe sabon fili ta hanyar rashin buƙatar nau'ikan horo masu dacewa, wannan binciken yana ƙirƙira ta hanyar nazarin hulɗar masu kai hari maimakon hare-hare keɓe. Tasirin ga tsarin Tabbacin Matsayi da sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa na Web3 suna da girma, yana nuna cewa dole ne a ƙirƙira hanyoyin yarjejeniya na gaba tare da la'akari da yanayin maƙiya da yawa tun daga farko.

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